[ survey on fauna of ixodid ticks and their enterobacteriaceae infection in livestock in Amol city in north of Iran]

Ticks are one of the important external parasites in livestock that can transmit viral, ricketsia and bacterial agents. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of contamination of the livestock by ixodid ticks and harboring of enterobacteriaceae by the ticks in Amol City. In this descriptive study, we collected the livestock's ticks [cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats] and after fauna identification, they were sent for culture. In this study, 650 ticks were collected which belonged to 8 species. Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was the most and Rhipicephalus bursa was the least prevalent species. Cattles and buffaloes had the highest tick infestation [38.5%]. The bacteriological results showed that the ticks were infected by 13 bacterial species such as Ecoli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, Proteus, Serratia, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The most and the least prevalent species were Ecoli and Serratia respectively. Considering the high prevalence of ixodid ticks in our study and presence of bacterial infection in hard ticks, appropriate training for stock breeders for improvement of their knowledge of the health problems, stock breeding and common methods of zoonotic disease prevention such as spraying and anti-tick bath, is recommended

[Relationship between central corneal thickness, intra ocular pressure and visual field in normal tension and primary open angle glaucoma]

Glaucoma is one of the most important cause of blindness wordwide. Exact determination of intra ocular pressure is important for the diagnosis and decision making about glaucoma treatment. Central corneal thickness is considered as effective factor on intra ocular pressure and visual field defect. This study was carried out to determine the relationship between central corneal thickness, intra ocular pressure and visual field in normal tension and primary open angle glaucoma. This descriptive study was carried out on 45 eyes with normal tension glaucoma and 45 eyes with primary open angle glaucoma in Al-Zahra ophthalmology hospital in Zahedan, Iran during 2010. Intra ocular pressure and central corneal thickness were measured by Goldman tonometer and pachymeter and visual field exanimated by Humphrey perimeter. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, paired t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Pearson correlation tests. There was significant correlation between central corneal thickness and intra ocular pressure [r=0.309, P<0.05]. A significant difference was detected in intra ocular pressure between two type of glaucoma [P<0.05]. Mean value of central corneal thickness in patient with mild visual field defect was higher than severe visual field defect but there was not significant statistical difference between central corneal thickness and visual field defect in subjects with glaucoma. This study indicated that increasing corneal thickness is accompanied with intra occular presure

[Evaluation of bacterial infection of external surface and digestive system of cockroach species]

The presence of cockroaches has health implications, such as nosocomial infection, as the insects move freely from areas within and around hospitals that may harbor pathogenic organisms. The aims of the present study were to detect cockroach species and bacterial infection transmitted by their surface and their digestive system. In this study we caught 250 cockroach from hospital of Hamedan. We hunt them with hand, glass trap and sticky trap. Then they have been carried to bacteriology lab. After anesthesia and washing in 2cc physiology serum, their gut have been expelled from oral to anal and cultured. In this study we used E.M.B, T.S.I, DNAase, B.A, SF, SS, ONPG, MR, SIM, Mnitol sult agar, Lysin, Simmon citrate and Urea as bacterial culture methods. In this study we recognized 4 species of cockroaches from hospitals of Hamedan: Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Blatta orientalis Blatella germanica. The most frequent one was Periplaneta americana, [88%] and just 0.8% were Blatta orientalis [the least frequency]. 23 species of bacteria recognized from surface and digestive system or cockroaches. In surface of them, Escherichia coli had 26.5%[the most frequency] and Edward siella had 0.4% [the least frequency]. In digestive system E.coli had 30.8% [the most frequency] and Morganella morgani had 0.8% [the least percent]. Tour study determined that cockroaches play as potential vectors of medically important microorganisms such as pathogenic bacteria in hospital environments. Integrated management of cockroach populations should be carried out into the disease prevention and control programs in hospitals